Supercapacitors (EDLCs) provide high power density and virtually unlimited cycle life for backup power, energy harvesting, and pulse power applications.

Energy Storage

Energy stored in a supercapacitor: E = 0.5 × C × V²

Usable energy depends on minimum operating voltage. Typical usable energy is 50-75% of total stored energy.

Series Connection

For higher voltage, connect cells in series:

  • Voltages add, capacitance divides (Ctotal = C/n)
  • Voltage balancing is essential - never connect in series without balancing
  • Use active balancing for best efficiency, passive balancing for simplicity

Charging

Supercapacitors can charge in seconds but require current limiting:

  • Simple resistor: R = (Vsupply - Vcap) / Icharge
  • Dedicated charger ICs provide optimal charging profile
  • Always include overvoltage protection (max 2.7V per cell)